Aramaeans assimilated and intermarried with various peoples. Hebrews used the word aram for the present country of syria,8 but the greeks only used for that land the designation syria, although, according to strabo and other authors, they knew that aramaeans, or people speaking aramaic dialects, lived all over the fertile crescent, as well as in cappadocia and elsewhere. The aramaeans settled in the mesopotamiansyrian corridor to the north and established the kingdom of aram, biblical syria. The aramaeans had settled in greater syria at approximately the end of the thirteenth century b. Thus the aramaeans in ancient syria gives precise and uptodate information on different aspects of aramaean culture. Aram is a region mentioned in the bible located in presentday syria, including where the city of aleppo now stands.
Presentday syria is only a small portion of the ancient geographical syrian landmass, a region situated at the eastern end of the mediterranean sea from which western powers created the contemporary states of syria, lebanon, jordan, and israel in the postottoman era of the early. The historical and cultural role of the aramaeans in ancient syria can hardly be overestimated. Full text of aram and israel, or, the aramaeans in syria. Wandering aramaeans aramaeans outside syria book description. The british museum in particular has a stunning room covered with assyrian wall carvings, created by the people they conquered, which are some of the oldest and most powerful antiwar protests, a number of which are included in this volume. On the other hand, as early as the 9th century and above all in the 8th century. Papers of the meeting at the institute of fine arts, new york university, march 1516th, 1990, mainz. Aramean, but also applies to selfdesignation in neoaramaic, the aramean faction from turkey and syria endorses both suryaye and aramaye, while the assyrian faction from iraq, iran, north east syria and southeast turkey insists on a. The west remained part of the hittite empire until its destruction c.
The bible tells us that saul, david and solomon late 11th to 10th centuries fought against the aramaeans kingdoms across the northern frontier of israel. The book of genesis also gives two names for this region. The assyrians, who were primarily responsible for the political subjugation of the aramaeans, were apparently the main factor in preventing the development of regionally or locally independent art forms. The case of a forgotten people world council of arameans syriacs, the only aramean christian ngo page 1 in special consultative status with the economic and social council of the united nations contents 1. Aramdamascus from rezon to the usurpation of hazael ca. The arameans trace their genealogical lines back to the eponymous ancestor aram, the son of shem, the son of noah genesis 10. Syria 86 2009 interaction of aramaeans and assyrians on the lower khabur 45 local written evidence had almost been none existent for the region of the lower khabur before 1975, and any extension of the middle assyrian empire over the southern jazira was doubted in historiography. In the the aramaeans in ancient syria the authors present the history and culture of the aramaean kingdoms of syria from the 12th to the end of the 8th century b. The region was known as the land of the amurru during the akkadian empire 23352154 bc, neo. Full text of aram and israel, or, the aramaeans in syria and mesopotamia see other formats. The aramaeans in ancient syria niehr, herbert download. Greater syria, as historians and political scientists often refer to this. It was named for the aramaeans, who emerged from the syrian desert to invade syria and upper mesopotamia c. Sennacherib deports the people of the land of kaldu, of the aramaeans.
Society, institutions, law, and economy dagmar kiihn 37 1. Subsequent migrations, which went northwestward into syria and hence will be considered at greater length, included the amorites and canaanites about 2500 b. To that end, history, society, economy and law, language and script, literature, religion, art and architecture of the aramaean. The mountainous area of the syrians was truly the roof of the region as the name aram implies. The city is mentioned in tablets dating from as early as the 19th. Syria became divided between two great military powers, the hittite empire and new kingdom egypt, whose struggles led to the first military action in history about which any details are known, the battle of kadesh 1290 bce. At least one aramaean married assyrian royalty, and around the year 1050 another aramaean became king of babylon. To that end, history, society, economy and law, language and script, literature, religion, art and architecture of the aramaean kingdoms of syria from their beginnings in the 11 century b. The controversy is not restricted to exonyms like english assyrian vs. Cambridge core ancient history the cambridge history of religions in the ancient world.
The arameans and phoenicians of ancient syria youtube. At its height, aram stretched from the mount lebanon range eastward across the euphrates, including parts of the khabur river valley in northwestern mesopotamia on the border of iraq. Section 1 the near east, 106, edited by herbert niehr, 366377. Ancient syrian facts, history and geology thoughtco. Map of ancient aram pdf for print freely distributed map of territory of the ancient syrians. Aram and israel, or, the aramaeans in syria and mesopotamia by kraeling, emil gottlieb heinrich, 1892publication date 1918 topics arameans, jews history to 586 b. Palmyra, also called tadmur, tadmor, or tudmur, ancient city in southcentral syria, miles 210 km northeast of damascus. The ancient arameans have traditionally been viewed as camel nomads 1 who spread out from the fringes of the syroarabian desert, 2 whence a segment of the aramean tribes invaded northern mesopotamia, and founded there a series of little states. The assyrianaramaean interaction is probably one of the most interesting issues, as the histories of. Lower syria was known as coelesyria hollow syria and was located between the libanus and antilibanus mountain ranges. Arameans inside and outside of syria, held at the faculty of theology of the university of leipzig in october 2014. Historical background presentday syria is only a small portion of the ancient geographical syrian landmass, a region situated at the eastern end of the mediterranean sea from which western powers created the contemporary states of syria, lebanon, jordan, and israel in the postottoman era of the early twentieth century. A short history4 wikisource, the free online library. The present volume contains the updated versions of the papers presented at the workshop wandering arameans.
The sources for a history of the aramaeans of ancient syria 3. A dramatic presentation of ancient life in one of the most important areas on earth at the time. The art and architecture of the ancient orient the yale. The indigenous origins of the arameans of upper mesopotamia. Tadmur, tadmor, or tudmur, the presemitic name of the site, is also still in use. Contrarily, syrians are the inhabitants of the modern state of syria, who speak arabic in their majority, because of the linguistic arabization that. The cambridge history of religions in the ancient world. It extended eastward from the antilebanon mountains to beyond the euphrates river. The aramaeans in ancient syria by herbert niehr, hardcover. Society, institutions, law, and economy dagmar kuhn 37 1. The role of the phoenicians and aramaeans in the transfer of culture, in. Aram damascus was the most important of the aramean kingdoms in the 9th8th centuries bc. To that end, history, society, economy and law, language and script, literature, religion, art and architecture of the aramaean kingdoms of syria from their beginnings in the 11.
The aramaeans in ancient syria by herbert niehr topics. Reign of queen mavia of the tanukhids in the regions of syria and ancient jordan. The aramaeans were, in the 11th century bc, established in syria. The aramaeans in aram naharaim and the rise of their states. Syriacs, assyrians and chaldaeans are all aramaeans. The arameans of aramnaharaim or the ancient syrians of.
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